Project of Organizational Behavior

Project of

Organizational Behavior

Term Paper on

Maslow’s and Herzberg’s Theories

Maslow’s Theory

Physiological Needs: - Canadian people have more natural resources and less population, so these needs are generally satisfied.

Physiological Needs: - Indian people have more natural resources as well as high population, so they have to work hard to satisfy these needs.

Safety Needs: - In Canada these needs must be taken care because a general people require these needs more to satisfy himself.

Safety Needs: - In India these needs are more required because of high population and less land place. So these needs are to be taken care.

Social Needs: - Some of these needs are widely accepted in Canada but some are not given importance.

Social Needs: - In India also some of these needs are widely accepted but some are not given importance.

Esteem Needs: - These needs are more important because Canada is a grown country and financial strong country.

Esteem Needs: - These needs are also important because India is a growing country, but financially not as strong as Canada.

Self-actualization Needs: - These needs are highly important because Canadian people are more capable of achieving one’s potential.

Self-actualization Needs: - These needs are also important in India but Indian people have to work hard to fulfill these needs because of high population and high competitions.

Employment

Employment requirements are high in Canada because the population is less in respect of land space and natural resources. And Canada is a grown country like US.

Employment opportunities are less in India because of high population and high number of younger people and lees number of industries to apply.

Herzberg’s Theory

In India the job dissatisfaction is more because they more care about hygiene factors or hygiene needs, and less care about motivators in respect of hygiene.

In Canada the job satisfaction is more because they care more for motivators in respect of hygiene.

Facts about Canada

Introduction: - A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care and education services, as well as responding to separatist concerns in predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.

Natural Resources: - iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower

Population: - 33,390,141 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure: -

0-14 years: 17.3% (male 2,967,383/female 2,824,189)
15-64 years: 69.2% (male 11,604,723/female 11,490,839)
65 years and over: 13.5% (male 1,927,035/female 2,575,972)

Languages: - English (official) 59.3%

French (official) 23.2%

other 17.5%

Literacy: - definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)

Economy: - As an affluent, high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Top-notch fiscal management has produced consecutive balanced budgets since 1997, although public debate continues over how to manage the rising cost of the publicly funded healthcare system. Exports account for roughly a third of GDP. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with its principal trading partner, the US, which absorbs about 85% of Canadian exports. Canada is the US' largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power.

GDP – per capita (PPP): - $35,600 (2006 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: - 2.7% (2006 est.)

GDP – composition by sector: - Agriculture: 2.3%
Industry: 29.2%
Services: 68.5% (2006 est.)

Labour force – by occupation: - Agriculture 2%

Manufacturing 14%

Construction 5%

Services 75%

Other 3% (2004)

Export Commodities: - motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum

Facts about India

Introduction: - The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, dates back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated onto Indian lands about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in the 12th were followed by those of European traders, beginning in the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands. Indian armed forces in the British army played a vital role in both World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU brought independence in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. Despite impressive gains in economic investment and output, India faces pressing problems such as the ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, significant overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic and religious strife.

Natural Resources: - coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

Population: - 1,129,866,154 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure: -

0-14 years: 31.8% (male 188,208,196/female 171,356,024)
15-64 years: 63.1% (male 366,977,821/female 346,034,565)
65 years and over: 5.1% (male 27,258,259/female 30,031,289)

Languages: - English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language

Literacy: - definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61%
male: 73.4%
female: 47.8% (2001 census)

Economy: - India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India's output with less than one third of its labor force. About three-fifths of the work force is in agriculture, leading the UPA government to articulate an economic reform program that includes developing basic infrastructure to improve the lives of the rural poor and boost economic performance. The government has reduced controls on foreign trade and investment. Tariffs averaged 12.5% on non-agricultural items in 2006. Higher limits on foreign direct investment were permitted in a few key sectors, such as telecommunications. However, tariff spikes in sensitive categories, including agriculture, and incremental progress on economic reforms still hinder foreign access to India's vast and growing market. Privatization of government-owned industries remained stalled in 2006, and continues to generate political debate; populist pressure from within the UPA government and from its Left Front allies continues to restrain needed initiatives. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since 1996, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points. India achieved 8.5% GDP growth in 2006, significantly expanding manufacturing. India is capitalizing on its large numbers of well-educated people skilled in the English language to become a major exporter of software services and software workers. Economic expansion has helped New Delhi continue to make progress in reducing its federal fiscal deficit. However, strong growth - more than 8 percent growth in each of the last three years - combined with easy consumer credit and a real estate boom is fueling inflation concerns. The huge and growing population is the fundamental social, economic, and environmental problem.

GDP – per capita (PPP): - $3,800 (2006 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: - 9.2% (2006 est.)

GDP – composition by sector: - agriculture: 19.9%
industry: 19.3%
services: 60.7% (2005 est.)

Labour force – by occupation: - agriculture: 60%
industry: 12%
services: 28% (2003)

Export Commodities: - textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures

By:

Amresh Anjan